Anti-Money Laundering & Counter-Terrorism Financing

    What ML/TF risk indicators should be considered when assessing the ML/TF risks of customers?


    Some non-exhaustive examples of such indicators that could be considered include:

    a) Adverse information e.g. whether there is adverse news on the customer and its beneficial owner; whether the customer or beneficial owner is a sanctioned person;
    b) Business operations/dealings e.g. whether the customer has operations in or dealings with high-risk jurisdictions, or is in a high-risk sector/industry;
    c) Country of incorporation/country of registration (for a legal person) e.g. whether the customer or any beneficial owner of the customer is in or from a high-risk jurisdiction;
    d) Customer behaviour e.g. whether the customer is reluctant or refuses to provide information/documents upon request ;
    e) Nationality/country of residence (for a natural person) e.g. whether the customer is in or from a high-risk jurisdiction;
    f) Ownership and control structure e.g. whether the structure appears unusual or excessively complex, with no legitimate reasons for the unusualness/complexity; whether there are nominee directors and shareholders;
    g) Participation in tax amnesty programme i.e. whether the customer or any beneficial owner of the customer had participated in such a programme;
    h) Politically exposed person (“PEP”) status i.e. whether the customer or any beneficial owner of the customer is a PEP or family member or close associate of a PEP;
    i) Tax residency e.g. whether the customer changes his tax residency to a jurisdiction that has no exchange of tax information arrangement with Singapore and there are no legitimate reasons for doing so.